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The Bagrationi dynasty ((グルジア語:ბაგრატიონი) (:bɑɡrɑtʼiɔni)) was a royal family that reigned in Georgia from the Middle Ages until the early 19th century, being among the oldest extant Christian ruling dynasties in the world.〔The Curious Case of Ms. Orange, E.J. Edwards, p50〕〔Caucasus: The Paradise Lost, Piera Graffer, LoGisma, p85〕〔More moves on an Eastern chequerboard, Sir Harry Luke, p71〕〔Handbook for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland, John Murray, p322〕〔The Chautauquan, Volume 22, Theodore L. Flood, Frank Chapin Bray, 1895, p698〕 In modern usage, this royal line is often referred to as the Georgian Bagratids (a Hellenized form of their dynastic name), also known in English as the Bagrations. The origin of the Bagrationi dynasty is disputed. The common origin with the Armenian Bagratuni dynasty has been accepted by many scholars.〔Toumanoff, Cyril, "Armenia and Georgia", in ''The Cambridge Medieval History'', Cambridge, 1966, vol. IV, p. 609. Accessible online at ()〕 The family, in the person of Ashot I, gained the principate of Iberia at the end of the 8th century. His descendants restored, in 888, the Georgian monarchy and united various native polities into the Kingdom of Georgia, which prospered from the 11th to the 13th century. This period of time, particularly the reigns of David IV (1089–1125) and his great granddaughter Tamar (1184–1213), is celebrated as a "golden age" in the history of Georgia, the era of empire, military exploits, and remarkable achievements in culture.〔Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. "Burke’s Royal Families of the World: ''Volume II Africa & the Middle East'', 1980, pp. 56-67 ISBN 0-85011-029-7〕 After fragmentation of the unified Kingdom of Georgia in the late 15th century, the branches of the Bagrationi dynasty ruled the three breakaway Georgian kingdoms, Kingdom of Kartli, Kingdom of Kakheti, and Kingdom of Imereti, until Russian annexation in the early 19th century.〔 While the Treaty of Georgievsk's 3rd Article guaranteed continued sovereignty for the Bagrationi dynasty and their continued presence on the Georgian throne, the Russian crown later broke the terms of the treaty, and their treaty became an illegal annexation. The dynasty persisted within the Russia empire as an Imperial Russian noble family until the 1917 February Revolution. The establishment of the Soviet rule in Georgia in 1921 forced some members of the family to accept demoted status and loss of property in Georgia, others relocated to Western Europe,〔 although some repatriated after Georgian independence in 1991. ==Origins== (詳細はroyal dynasty in Europe,〔〔〔〔 although Walter Curley's ''Monarchs-in-Waiting'' attributes that distinction to the Capetians of France, as does Joseph Valynseele's ''Les Prétendants aux Trônes d'Europe'', who still reign in Spain and Luxembourg, while L. G. Pine contends that the Irish ruler, Niall of the Nine Hostages, ''fl.'' in the early 5th century CE also has living heirs, although, like the Bagrationi, no longer reigning. According to a family legend, taken down by the 11th century Georgian chronicler Sumbat Davitis-Dze,〔Sumbat Davitis-Dze, ''The Life and Tale of the Bagratids'' (ცხოვრებაჲ და უწყებაჲ ბაგრატონიანთა ჩუენ ქართველთა მეფეთასა), see Suny (1994), p. 349; Rapp (2003), p. 337〕 and supplied much later by Prince Vakhushti Bagrationi (1696–1757) with chronological data, the ancestors of the dynasty traced their descent to the biblical king and prophet David and came from Palestine around 530 AD. Tradition has it that of seven refugee brothers of the Davidic line, three of them settled in Armenia and the other four arrived in Kartli (also known as Iberia), where they intermarried with the local ruling houses and acquired some lands in hereditary possession. One of the four brothers, Guaram (died in 532), allegedly founded a line subsequently called ''Bagrationi'' after his son Bagrat.〔The earliest Georgian forms of the dynastic name are ''Bagratoniani'', ''Bagratuniani'' and ''Bagratovani'', changed subsequently into Bagrationi. These names as well as the Armenian ''Bagratuni'' and the modern designation ''Bagratid'' mean "the children of Bagrat" or "the house of/established by Bagrat".〕 A successor, Guaram, was installed as a presiding prince of Kartli under the Byzantine protectorate, receiving on this occasion the Byzantine court title of ''Kouropalates''〔From the time of Justinian I, the dignity of ''Kouropalates'' ((ギリシア語:''κουροπαλάτης''), i.e., chancellor) was one of the highest in the Byzantine Empire, reserved usually for members of the Imperial family. Its frequent conferral upon various Georgian and Armenian dynasts attests to their importance in the politics of those times. Suny (1994), p. 348〕 in 575.〔Vakhushti Bagrationi (c. 1745), ''History of the Kingdom of Georgia'' (აღწერა სამეფოსა საქართველოსი); a Russian translation available at (ArmenianHouse.org ). URL accessed on May 22. 2006.〕 Thus, according to this version, began the dynasty of the Bagratids, who ruled until 1801. This tradition enjoyed general acceptance until the early 20th century.〔Suny (1994), 349〕 While the Jewish origin, let alone the biblical descent, of the Bagratids has been largely discounted by modern scholarship, their origin still remains controversial. Several Soviet-era historians of Georgia developed a view summarized by N. Berdzenishvili ''et al.'' in their standard reference book on the history of Georgia: Modern scholars, however, question the above version, referring to a more complex analysis of primary Armenian and Georgian sources. Cyril Toumanoff's research concluded that the Georgian Bagratids branched out of the Armenian Bagratid dynasty in the person of Adarnase, whose father Vasak (son of Ashot III the Blind, presiding prince of Armenia from 732 to 748) passed to Kartli following an abortive uprising against Arab rule in 775. Adarnase’s son, Ashot I, acquired the principality of Kartli in 813 and thus founded the last royal house of Georgia. Accordingly, the legend of the Davidic origin of the Georgian Bagratids was a further development of the earlier claim entertained by the Armenian dynasty, as given in the work of the Armenian author Moses of Khorene.〔Toumanoff, C. ''Iberia on the Eve of Bagratid Rule'', p. 22, cited in: Suny (1994), p. 349〕 Once the Georgian branch, which had quickly acculturated in the new environment,〔Rapp (2003), p. 169〕 assumed royal power, the myth of their biblical origin helped to assert their legitimacy and became a major ideological pillar of the millennium-long Bagrationi rule in Georgia.〔Rapp (2003), p. 234〕 Although certain, the generation-by-generation history of the Bagrationi dynasty begins only in the late 8th century.〔 Toumanoff claimed that the first Georgian branch of the Bagratids may be traced as far back as the 2nd century AD, when they were said to rule over the princedom of Odzrkhe in what is now southern Georgia.〔Toumanoff, C. ''Studies in Christian Caucasian History'', p. 316, cited in: Rapp (2003), p. 145〕 The Odzrkhe line, known in the medieval annals as the Bivritianis, lasted until the 5th century AD. They cannot, however, be considered the direct ancestors of the later Bagratids who eventually restored Georgian royal authority.〔Rapp (2003), pp. 218, 249〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bagrationi dynasty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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